DOT ERG Introduction

What is Formaldehyde and what’s it most commonly used for?
Formaldehyde is a colorless, pungent smelling gas. The most commonly known form of this chemical is as an aqueous solution used for embalming and preserving biological specimens.

How is it used in the industrial settings?
More than half of all formaldehyde is used in the production of polymers. When combined with urea, phenol, or melamine, formaldehyde produces different kinds of thermo set resins. These resins are used in permanent adhesives, such as those used in plywood, particle board manufacture and carpeting. The resins can be foamed to make insulation, or cast into molded products.

What are the effects if exposed to Formaldehyde?
Formaldehyde affects people in various ways. Some people are very sensitive to formaldehyde while others may have no noticeable reaction at the same level of exposure. Typically, when present in the air at levels of 0.1 – 2 ppm, formaldehyde will result in watery eyes; burning sensations in the eyes, nose and throat; and other irritating effects. At levels above 4 ppm prolonged exposure is intolerable. 50 ppm will cause injury to the respiratory tract, and concentrations of 100 ppm are an immediate threat to life.

How can you reduce hazards associated with formaldehyde exposure?
While not all formaldehyde can be substituted, properly venting the environment can reduce hazards. Exhausting contaminated air and bringing fresh air into a work area where formaldehyde has been detected can be a very effective way to reduce concentrations below problem levels.

What should people who work with or around formaldehyde know to take precautionary measures?
Employees who work with formaldehyde need to be trained to understand the dangers of working with it. They should know the symptoms of overexposure, proper use of safety equipment such as ventilation hoods, the use and limitations of personal protective equipment, and how to respond to emergencies such as spills.